期刊
SOFT MATTER
卷 7, 期 24, 页码 11526-11534出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c1sm06388j
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资金
- Natural Science Foundation of China [51033002, 20874042, 50625311]
Cellular uptake of hollow casein nanospheres was investigated by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the casein spheres could enter cells via a temperature-or energy-independent mechanism. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed that the cellular uptake amount and velocity of the casein spheres at 4 degrees C were almost the same as those at 37 degrees C. Moreover, cellular uptake of casein spheres could not be affected by endocytosis inhibitors, suggesting that a large fraction of casein spheres enter cells in a non-endocytosis fashion. In addition, real-time confocal laser scanning microscopy observation found that the casein spheres first absorbed onto the cell membrane, and then were internalized into the cells mainly through an endocytosis-independent mechanism. Transmission electron microscopy analysis also demonstrated that the casein spheres internalized by cells were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm either at 37 or 4 degrees C. These findings extend the current understanding of the interactions between milk proteins and biologic systems, and offer a drug nanocarrier which itself has an extraordinary capability to penetrate cell barriers in an energy-independent fashion.
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