期刊
SMALL
卷 7, 期 8, 页码 1043-1050出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201001665
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资金
- Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
- DOE BES
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA 9550-07-1-0054]
- National Institutes of Health [PHS 2 PN2 EY016570B]
- University of California, San Francisco [NIH P41 RR-01081]
The rapid assembly of icosohedral virus-like particles (VLPs) into highly ordered (domain size > 600 nm), oriented 2D superlattices directly onto a solid substrate using convective coating is demonstrated. In-situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) is used to follow the self-assembly process in real time to characterize the mechanism of superlattice formation, with the ultimate goal of tailoring film deposition conditions to optimize long-range order. From water, GISAXS data are consistent with a transport-limited assembly process where convective flow directs assembly of VLPs into a lattice oriented with respect to the water drying line. Addition of a nonvolatile solvent (glycerol) modified this assembly pathway, resulting in non-oriented superlattices with improved long-range order. Modification of electrostatic conditions (solution ionic strength, substrate charge) also alters assembly behavior; however, a comparison of in-situ assembly data between VLPs derived from the bacteriophages MS2 and Q beta show that this assembly process is not fully described by a simple Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek model alone.
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