Alkyl-Functionalized Oxide-Free Silicon Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Optical Properties

Highly monodisperse silicon nanoparticles (1.57 +/- 0.21 nm) are synthesized with a covalently attached alkyl monolayer on a gram scale. Infrared spectroscopy shows that these silicon nanoparticles contain only a few oxygen atoms per nanoparticle. XPS spectra clearly show the presence of unoxidized Si and attached alkyl chains. Owing to the relatively efficient synthesis (yields approximate to 100-fold higher than of those previously reported) the molar extinction coefficient e can be measured: epsilon(max) = 1.7 x 10(-4) M-1 cm(-1), only a factor of 4 lower than that of CdS and CdSe nanoparticles of that size. The quantum yield of emission ranges from 0.12 (C10H21-capping) to 0.23 (C16H33-capping). UV/Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy show clear vibrational progressions (974 +/- 14 cm(-1); up to five vibrational bands visible at room temperature), resembling bulk SiC phonons, which support the monodispersity observed by TEM. This was also confirmed by time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements, which display a strictly monoexponential decay that can only be indicative of monodisperse, ball-shaped nanoparticles.