期刊
SHOCK WAVES
卷 21, 期 1, 页码 43-61出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00193-010-0287-6
关键词
Compaction waves; High explosives; Hot-spots; Mesoscale heating
类别
资金
- U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, RWME, Eglin AFB, Florida [FA 8651-06-1-0005]
- U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA 9550-06-1-0121]
A Lagrangian finite and discrete element technique, combined with a finite deformation, thermo-elastic-viscoplastic, and stick-slip friction theory, is used to computationally examine volumetric and surface dissipation within the meso-structure of granular explosive (HMX, C4H8N8O8) induced by uniaxial deformation waves. Emphasis is placed on characterizing the fraction of mass heated to elevated temperature (referred to as hot-spot mass fraction) by quasi-steady waves due to plastic and friction work and its dependence on wave strength. Predictions for a large, randomly packed ensemble of HMX particles having a solid volume fraction of 0.85 and a mean diameter of 60 mu m show that plastic work principally affects the average temperature, whereas friction work affects the high frequency, high-temperature fluctuations that are likely responsible for combustion initiation. Cumulative distributions for hot-spot mass within the wave indicate that most mass (similar to 99.9%) is heated to approximately 330, 400, and 500 K by plastic work for impact speeds of 50, 250, and 500 m/s, respectively, with a small fraction (similar to 0.001%) heated to 600, 1,100, and 1,400 K by friction work. The hot-spot mass fraction induced by plastic work is well described by a Gamma distribution, though significant departures occur in the high-temperature end of the distribution due to friction work, even at higher impact speeds. Consequently, it is not possible to describe hot-spot mass fraction curves by a single classical distribution function. Implications of the predicted hot-spot mass fraction on granular HMX combustion are discussed.
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