期刊
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
卷 5, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/srep12443
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资金
- Fondazione Bolle di Magadino
- EU INTERREG program [15 7624065]
- Fondazione Cariplo [UNIAGI 13357]
- University of Milano [2009-ATE-0015]
- University of Milano-Bicocca [2011-ATE-0272]
- Swiss federal office for environment [254, 332, 363, 400]
Circannual rhythms often rely on endogenous seasonal photoperiodic timers involving 'clock' genes, and Clock gene polymorphism has been associated to variation in phenology in some bird species. In the long-distance migratory barn swallow Hirundo rustica, individuals bearing the rare Clock allele with the largest number of C-terminal polyglutamine repeats found in this species (Q(8)) show a delayed reproduction and moult later. We explored the association between Clock polymorphism and migration scheduling, as gauged by light-level geolocators, in two barn swallow populations (Switzerland; Po Plain, Italy). Genetic polymorphism was low: 91% of the 64 individuals tracked year-round were Q(7)/Q(7) homozygotes. We compared the phenology of the rare genotypes with the phenotypic distribution of Q(7)/Q(7) homozygotes within each population. In Switzerland, compared to Q(7)/Q(7), two Q(6)/Q(7) males departed earlier from the wintering grounds and arrived earlier to their colony in spring, while a single Q(7)/Q(8) female was delayed for both phenophases. On the other hand, in the Po Plain, three Q(6)/Q(7) individuals had a similar phenology compared to Q(7)/Q(7). The Swiss data are suggestive for a role of genetic polymorphism at a candidate phenological gene in shaping migration traits, and support the idea that Clock polymorphism underlies phenological variation in birds.
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