Solvent Extraction for the Separation of Zr and Hf from Aqueous Solutions

The present review mainly focused on the recent extraction and separation studies of Zr and Hf from various acidic aqueous solutions using liquid-liquid extraction. The general purpose associated with the use of liquid-liquid extraction, research on the recent developments from the view point of technological applications and chemistry involved in liquid-liquid extractions of Zr and Hf from acidic aqueous solutions is particularly described. In addition, the well-known conventional methodologies devoted to the selective extraction and separation of Zr and Hf metal ions is presented. The involved extraction reaction in the given system is also discussed and the data provided is systematically classified according to their structural and nature of the extractants participated. The extracted speciation or complexation of metal ion in the organic phases have also been mentioned, types of species responsible for metal extraction, whenever possible, is referred.