期刊
SENSORS
卷 14, 期 5, 页码 8528-8546出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s140508528
关键词
finite element method; simulation; micro-crack; nonlinear Lamb waves; contact acoustic nonlinearity effect; second harmonic; amplitude of second harmonic; amplitude ratio
资金
- Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [CityU 122011, CityU 122513]
- Major National Science and Technology Projects of PR China [2014ZX04015061]
Compared with conventional linear ultrasonic inspection methods, which are sensitive only to severe defects, nonlinear ultrasonic inspection methods are better for revealing micro-cracks in thin plates. However, most nonlinear ultrasonic inspection methods have only been experimentally investigated using bulk or Rayleigh waves. Numerical studies, especially numerical simulations of Lamb ultrasonic waves, have seldom been reported. In this paper, the interaction between nonlinear S0 mode Lamb waves and micro-cracks of various lengths and widths buried in a thin metallic plate was simulated using the finite element method (FEM). The numerical results indicate that after interacting with a micro-crack, a new wave-packet was generated in addition to the S0 mode wave-packet. The second harmonics of the S0 mode Lamb waves and the new wave-packet were caused by nonlinear acoustic effects at the micro-crack. An amplitude ratio indicator is thus proposed for the early detection of buried micro-cracks.
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