期刊
SENSORS
卷 12, 期 5, 页码 5650-5669出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s120505650
关键词
fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy; FLIM; CMOS; single-photon avalanche diode; single-decay; multi-decay; time-domain FLIM; lifetime based sensing
资金
- EPSRC [EP/C5546105/1]
- Royal Society
- endowment from Dimbleby Cancer Care
- European Community
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/I022074/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/I022074/1] Funding Source: UKRI
We have successfully demonstrated video-rate CMOS single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-based cameras for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) by applying innovative FLIM algorithms. We also review and compare several time-domain techniques and solid-state FLIM systems, and adapt the proposed algorithms for massive CMOS SPAD-based arrays and hardware implementations. The theoretical error equations are derived and their performances are demonstrated on the data obtained from 0.13 mu m CMOS SPAD arrays and the multiple-decay data obtained from scanning PMT systems. In vivo two photon fluorescence lifetime imaging data of FITC-albumin labeled vasculature of a P22 rat carcinosarcoma (BD9 rat window chamber) are used to test how different algorithms perform on bi-decay data. The proposed techniques are capable of producing lifetime images with enough contrast.
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