Influence of Composition of Zeolite/Enzyme Nanobiocomposites on Analytical Characteristics of Urea Biosensor Based on Ion-Selective Field-Effect Transistors

Zeolite/enzyme nanobiocomposites of different compositions were tested in this work for the improvement of biosensor analytical characteristics. The bioselective element based on urease immobilized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde was used as a model. The working characteristics of biosensors based on various zeolite/enzyme nanocomposites were examined and compared with those of urease-based biosensors. An optimal concentration of zeolytes beta (BEA) in bioselective elements is determined to be 1.5%. It ensures as wide linear range of measurement without remarkable loss in biosensor sensitivity to urea. The BEA zeolite-based biosensors were shown to have better working parameters in comparison with those based on zeolites A (LTA). A decrease in biosensor sensitivity to heavy metal ions was demonstrated for all zeolites used, which testifies to probable increase in stability of urea measurement in real environmental samples.