Responses of supplemental blue light on flowering and stem extension growth of cut chrysanthemum

To determine the effects of blue (B) spectrum supplemental lighting on flower bud formation and stem elongation growth of cut chrysanthemum, plants of 'Zembla' cultivar were grown for 42 days under 4 different light treatments. Treatments comprised: RB (11 h of mixed red and blue [[RB] light), RB + B (11 h of mixed RB light and then 4 h of supplemental B light), LRB + B (15 h of mixed RB light and then 4 h of supplemental B light) and RB + LB (11 h of mixed RB light and then 13 h of B light) by using light-emitting diodes. Diurnal patterns in the net assimilation rate were observed, depending on light-quality combinations. Under mixed RB light, the net assimilation rate increased rapidly, then slightly decreased under B light, and finally dropped to negative values during darkness. Final stem length was the highest in plants grown under RB + LB, followed by LRB + B, RB + B and then RB treatment. The stem lengths under RB + B, LRB + B and RB + LB were 1.3, 1.5 and 1.7 times longer than that of RB treatment, respectively. However, fully developed flower buds were formed under RB and RB + B treatments only. The extended final stem length of RB + B plants was determined by internode extension. Overall, our results indicate that supplemental B light, at least in part, may promote stem and internode elongation growth without any inhibitory effect on flower bud formation. The results of this study present a useful practical technique for optimizing cut chrysanthemum production in greenhouse horticulture. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.