Community Health Care: Therapeutic Opportunities in the Human Microbiome

We are never alone. Humans coexist with diverse microbial species that live within and upon us-our so-called microbiota. It is now clear that this microbial community is essentially another organ that plays a fundamental role in human physiology and disease. Basic and translational research efforts have begun to focus on deciphering mechanisms of microbiome function-and learning how to manipulate it to benefit human health. In this Perspective, we discuss therapeutic opportunities in the human microbiome.