期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 488, 期 -, 页码 584-591出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.048
关键词
Drinking water; Fluoride; Natural organic material; Rapid Small Scale Column Test; Sulfate competition
资金
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- U.S. National Science Foundation
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [91731301]
- OU WaTER Center
- University of Oklahoma
- Rotary Club of Norman, Oklahoma
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [1066425] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The fluoride removal capacities of three materials, bone char (BC), aluminum oxide coated bone char (ACBC) and aluminum oxide impregnated wood char (AIWC), along with activated alumina (AA) as a baseline material, were investigated in batch and column studies, including comparison between synthetic and natural groundwater. Results suggest that in all cases the laboratory column results exhibited higher fluoride removal efficiency than the field studies conducted in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Further studies indicate that the reduced effectiveness in the field was likely due to a combination of the high pH of groundwater (8.2) and the presence of competing ions (sulfate). Batch studies testing potential competition from natural organic material (NOM) showed no statistical evidence of NOM competition with BC and minor evidence of competition with ACBC and AIWC. To provide evidence for using Rapid Scale Small Column Test (RSSCT) principles for BC two different column volume and particle sizes were used. The results indicate that RSSCT scaling equations, developed for activated carbon, are applicable for BC removal of fluoride. These results thus provide valuable insights for translating laboratory results of novel sorbents for mitigating fluoride tainted groundwater in the field. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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