期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 440, 期 -, 页码 82-94出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.029
关键词
Emerging organic contaminants; Review; Groundwater; Spain; Pesticides; Pharmaceuticals
资金
- European Union [LIFE08 ENV/E/117]
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [BIA2010-20244, CSD2009-00065, CGL2007-64551/HID]
- Generalitat de Catalunya (Crop Consolidat de Recerca: Crop d'Hidrologia Subterrania) [2009-SGR-1057]
- AGAUR (Generalitat de Catalunya) through the grant for universities and research centres for the recruitment of new research personnel [FI-DGR 2011]
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
This paper reviewed the presence of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) that have been found in the groundwater in Spain in both, rural and urban areas. The list of compounds included pesticides, pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs), selected industrial compounds, drugs of abuse (DAs), estrogens, personal care products and life-style compounds. The main sources of pollution and possible pathways have been summarised in this review. EOCs are likely to enter to the aquifer mainly through the effluents of waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) and are present in groundwater at concentrations of ng/L to mu g/L The most studied compounds in Spanish groundwater were pesticides followed by industrial compounds and PhACs. It is important to mention that compared to other water bodies, such as rivers, groundwater is considerably less contaminated, which may be indicative of the natural attenuation capacity of the aquifers. However, some EOC5 have sometimes been detected at higher concentration levels in the aquifer than in the rivers, indicating the need for further research to understand their behaviour in the aquifers. For a wide array of compounds, their maximum concentrations show values above the European groundwater quality standard for individual pesticides (0.1 mu g/L). Therefore, to preserve groundwater quality against deterioration it is necessary to define environmental groundwater thresholds for the non-regulated compounds. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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