期刊
SCIENCE
卷 345, 期 6200, 页码 1045-1048出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1252220
关键词
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资金
- French Perou-Sud archaeological project
- University of Washington-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean
- U.S. National Science Foundation under grant NSF [ATM-0811382]
- NOAA [NOAANA08OAR4310685]
- French National Research Agency under EL PASO grant [10-Blan-608-01]
- French Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers
Understanding the response of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to global warming requires quantitative data on ENSO under different climate regimes. Here, we present a reconstruction of ENSO in the eastern tropical Pacific spanning the past 10,000 years derived from oxygen isotopes in fossil mollusk shells from Peru. We found that ENSO variance was close to the modern level in the early Holocene and severely damped similar to 4000 to 5000 years ago. In addition, ENSO variability was skewed toward cold events along coastal Peru 6700 to 7500 years ago owing to a shift of warm anomalies toward the Central Pacific. The modern ENSO regime was established similar to 3000 to 4500 years ago. We conclude that ENSO was sensitive to changes in climate boundary conditions during the Holocene, including but not limited to insolation.
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