期刊
SCIENCE
卷 339, 期 6121, 页码 773-779出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1220854
关键词
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资金
- NSF [1006931]
- National Science Council, Taiwan [NSC-100-2218-E-007-016-MY3, NSC-101-2628-E-007-017-MY3]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [1006931] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Spider silk is extraordinarily strong, mollusk shells and bone are tough, and porcupine quills and feathers resist buckling. How are these notable properties achieved? The building blocks of the materials listed above are primarily minerals and biopolymers, mostly in combination; the first weak in tension and the second weak in compression. The intricate and ingenious hierarchical structures are responsible for the outstanding performance of each material. Toughness is conferred by the presence of controlled interfacial features (friction, hydrogen bonds, chain straightening and stretching); buckling resistance can be achieved by filling a slender column with a lightweight foam. Here, we present and interpret selected examples of these and other biological materials. Structural bio-inspired materials design makes use of the biological structures by inserting synthetic materials and processes that augment the structures' capability while retaining their essential features. In this Review, we explain this idea through some unusual concepts.
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