期刊
SCIENCE
卷 334, 期 6053, 页码 245-249出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1210718
关键词
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资金
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation [2005-204, 2007-353]
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) NIH [AI082418]
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Digestive Disease Research Core Center [DK42086]
- National Cancer Institute, NIH [CA100383]
- NIAID [AI090084]
- [T32GM007183]
- [T32 AI065382-01]
- [P30 CA014599]
To establish chronic infections, viruses must develop strategies to evade the host's immune responses. Many retroviruses, including mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), are transmitted most efficiently through mucosal surfaces rich in microbiota. We found that MMTV, when ingested by newborn mice, stimulates a state of unresponsiveness toward viral antigens. This process required the intestinal microbiota, as antibiotic-treated mice or germ-free mice did not transmit infectious virus to their offspring. MMTV-bound bacterial lipopolysaccharide triggered Toll-like receptor 4 and subsequent interleukin-6 (IL-6)-dependent induction of the inhibitory cytokine IL-10. Thus, MMTV has evolved to rely on the interaction with the microbiota to induce an immune evasion pathway. Together, these findings reveal the fundamental importance of commensal microbiota in viral infections.
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