期刊
SCIENCE
卷 324, 期 5929, 页码 924-927出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1171810
关键词
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资金
- NSF [ECCS-0804908, ECCS-0521041]
- Semiconductor Research Corporation Nanoelectronics Research Initiative (INDEX program)
- W. M. Keck Foundation
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [0804908] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Application of a magnetic field to conductors causes the charge carriers to circulate in cyclotron orbits with quantized energies called Landau levels (LLs). These are equally spaced in normal metals and two-dimensional electron gases. In graphene, however, the charge carrier velocity is independent of their energy (like massless photons). Consequently, the LL energies are not equally spaced and include a characteristic zero-energy state (the n = 0 LL). With the use of scanning tunneling spectroscopy of graphene grown on silicon carbide, we directly observed the discrete, non-equally-spaced energy-level spectrum of LLs, including the hallmark zero-energy state of graphene. We also detected characteristic magneto-oscillations in the tunneling conductance and mapped the electrostatic potential of graphene by measuring spatial variations in the energy of the n = 0 LL.
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