期刊
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
卷 38, 期 3, 页码 543-551出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbq124
关键词
smoking; schizophrenia; motivation; health risks
类别
资金
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Residential Research Support Services [HHSN271200599091CADB, NO-1DA-5-9909]
We examined perceived consequences/benefits of cigarette smoking and motivation for quitting in nontreatment-seeking smokers who had schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N = 100) or had no Axis I psychiatric disorder (normals, N = 100). Participants completed questionnaires and provided a breath carbon monoxide (CO) sample 10-15 minutes after smoking 1 preferred-brand cigarette. Primary assessments included the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Adult, the Reasons for Quitting Scale, and the Stages of Change. There were no differences between the schizophrenia and control group in mean age of smoking onset (16.2 +/- 5.4 vs 15.6 +/- 5.5 y, P = .44), number of cigarettes daily (17.9 +/- 11.6 vs 17.0 +/- 7.9, P = 0.51), or in breath CO (28.0 +/- 14.5 vs 22.9 +/- 8.0 ppm, P = .61). Compared with normals, people with schizophrenia report greater stimulation/state enhancement (P < .0001) and social facilitation (P < .004) from smoking. People with schizophrenia had less appreciation of health risks associated with smoking than normal controls (P < .0001) and were less motivated to quit smoking than normal controls (P = .002), even though they were as likely to be in the preparation stage of change. Immediate reinforcement (P = .04) and health concerns (P = .002) were rated lower as motivators for considering quitting smoking in schizophrenia than normals. People with schizophrenia reported greater motivation to stop smoking due to social pressure/rewards than normals (P = .047). This study underscores the degree to which people with schizophrenia perceive the state-enhancing effects of smoking and their lower appreciation for health risks of smoking compared with normal controls.
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