Feasibility of a randomized controlled intervention with physical activity in participants with impaired glucose tolerance recruited by FINDRISC: A pilot study

Background: This study aimed to explore the feasibility and effect of an intervention in clinical practice with isolated physical activity in individuals with IGT, recruited by the FINDRISC questionnaire. Methods: The questionnaire was sent to a population of 9734 individuals, 35-75 years old, in Sweden. Those with a risk score >= 15 were encouraged to perform an oral glucose tolerance test. Individuals with IGT were invited to participate in a randomized controlled trial with a focus on physical activity. The participants were allocated to one of three arms; basic intervention, intensive intervention or to care as usual. A total of 52 individuals were carefully examined and questionnaires about diet and lifestyle were completed at baseline and after one year. All analyses were adjusted for differences in age and sex, and calorie intake when relevant. Results: The prevalence of chronic diseases in the study population was high, creating considerable difficulties in conducting a standardized test for fitness. Waist circumference (p=0.020), sagittal diameter (p=0.035), body weight (p=0.038) and BMI (p=0.043) decreased significantly more in the intensive care group than in care as usual and the basic care group. However, the significance was abolished when differences in energy intake were accounted for. Conclusions: In an intention to treat, prospective lifestyle interventions with physical activity are feasible, but a high prevalence of comorbidities needs to be considered. Also, an intervention focused on isolated physical activity inevitably led to changes in diet with weight loss and significant improvement of essential risk factors in spite of the participants' burden of chronic diseases.