The coordination chemistry of graphene oxide: Interactions with metal ions in water

Interactions of graphene oxide with Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, and Bi3+ ions were studied. The minimum (threshold) ion concentrations required for the interaction with graphene oxide to occur were deter-mined in a series of experiments. A possible model of the interaction between the metal ions and the oxygen-containing groups of graphene oxide was proposed.