期刊
RSC ADVANCES
卷 5, 期 45, 页码 35683-35692出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05409e
关键词
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资金
- German Federal Ministry for Research and Education (BMBF) of the nanoEES3D project as part of the strategic funding initiative energy storage framework [03EK3013]
- Manfred Lautenschlager Foundation via the MINT Excellence program
Electrospinning has emerged as a facile technology for the synthesis of ultrafine fibers and even nanofibers of various materials. While carbon nanofibers have been extensively investigated, there have also been studies reported on metal oxide and metal carbide fibers. Yet, comparative studies, especially following the same general synthesis approach, are lacking. In our comprehensive study, we use a sol gel process by which a carrier polymer (cellulose acetate or polyvinylpyrrolidone) is mixed with titanium butoxide, zirconium(IV) acetylacetonate, or niobium n-butoxide to yield nanotextured titania/carbon, zirconia/carbon, or niobia/carbon nonwoven textiles. Carbothermal reduction between 1300 degrees C and 1700 degrees C effectively transforms the metal oxide/carbon fibers to metal carbide/carbon nanocomposite while preserving the fiber integrity. As a beneficial effect, the fiber diameter decreases compared to the as-spun state and we obtained ultrafine fibers: 294 +/- 108 nm for ZrC/C, 122 +/- 28 nm for TiC/C, and 65 +/- 36 nm for NbC/C. The highly disordered and porous nature of the carbon matrix engulfing the metal carbide nanocrystals enables a high specific surface area of up to 450 m(2) g(-1) (TiC/C) after carbothermal reduction.
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