Research of natural infection of phlebotomines for Leishmania, in the State of Parana

American cutaneous leishmaniasis has been reported in all Brazilian states and in the Parana this disease is endemic. The objective of this work was to detect natural infections in phlebotomines to verify the vector competence of these insects and the identification of the parasite species. Phlebotomines were collected using Falcao and Shannon traps, in the municipalities of Doutor Camargo, Fenix and Mandaguari, between November 2005 and August 2006. From 12,930 phlebotomines were collected, 2,487 females were dissected and 1,230 dissected females had been submitted to polymerase chain reaction. Flagellates were detected in a female Nyssomyia whitmani that had been dissected and for polymerase chain reaction failed to detect Leishmania DNA in any females. Even though flagellates were not detected in Nyssomyia neivai it should still be considered as a potencial vector.