LIGNOCELLULOSIC AND ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF VEGETATION AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER OF A TROPICAL PEAT. I FLORISTIC COMPOSITION, BIOMASS AND CARBON STOCK

Soil organic matter (SOM) is one of the major reservoirs of carbon on Earth and is one of the key contributors to the carbon cycle. Peatlands are natural accumulators of organic matter commonly derived from decomposing plant residues in water-saturated environments, and represent an initial stage of a much longer pedogenic pathway leading to carbonification. The soil biomass markedly influences the global carbon cycle, accounting for approximately 85 % of all carbon on the Earth's surface. Plant tissues are mainly composed of lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, representing as much as 85 % of their dry biomass. Plants usually discriminate carbon differentially, according to their photosynthetic cycle (C-3, C-4 and CAM). The vegetation of the bogs in the southern domain of Serra do Espinhaco (SdEM; Brazil) consists mostly of moist grassland (CLU) and semideciduous forest (FES), with species of both C-3 and C-4 cycles. This study was designed to discriminate the contribution of these two vegetation types to the accumulation of soil organic matter by an analysis of the biomass and of the lignocellulosic and carbon isotopic composition and SOM. The studied peat is located in SdEM and covers an area of 81.75 ha. Three 0.5 x 0.5 m plots were marked per vegetation type, to delimit the sampling areas, for which biomass of CLU and FES were estimated. All plants per plot were cut and adequately stored to preserve as much of their fresh characteristics as possible. To characterize the isotopic and lignocellulosic composition of the vegetation, the species of each vegetation type were systematically identified according to their main botanic characteristics. Soil samples were collected at three representative sites under each vegetation type, at intervals of 5 cm, down to a depth of 50 cm. Cellulose and lignin were extracted from leaves of 15 dominant species and 60 peat samples, to quantify and determine the values of delta C-13 and delta N-15. The C-14 was determined at three depths under CLU and FES. The biomass production under FES was much higher than the biomass production under CLU. The isotopic signals and lignocellulosic composition of the vegetation and SOM confirmed that this peat was originated by the deposition of organic matter from the colonizing vegetation. The vertical growth and the carbon storage rates are much higher under FES than under CLU.