4.8 Article

Colloquium: The neutron lifetime

期刊

REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS
卷 83, 期 4, 页码 1173-1192

出版社

AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.83.1173

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资金

  1. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U. S. Department of Commerce
  2. National Science Foundation [PHY-0855310.]
  3. U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER41258]
  4. Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
  5. Division Of Physics [0855310] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
  6. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-03ER41258] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)

向作者/读者索取更多资源

The decay of the free neutron into a proton, electron, and antineutrino is the prototype semileptonic weak decay and is the simplest example of nuclear beta decay. It played a key role in the early Universe as it determined the ratio of neutrons to protons during the era of primordial light element nucleosynthesis. Neutron decay is physically related to important processes in solar physics and neutrino detection. The mean neutron lifetime has been the subject of more than 20 major experiments done, using a variety of methods, between 1950 and the present. The most precise recent measurements have stated accuracies approaching 0.1%, but are not in good agreement as they differ by as much as 5 sigma using quoted uncertainties. The history of neutron lifetime measurements is reviewed and the different methods used are described, giving important examples of each. The discrepancies and some systematic issues in the experiments that may be responsible are discussed, and it is shown by means of global averages that the neutron lifetime is likely to lie in the range of 880-884 s. Plans and prospects for future experiments are considered that will address these systematic issues and improve our knowledge of the neutron lifetime.

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