期刊
REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS
卷 81, 期 4, 页码 1665-1702出版社
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1665
关键词
boson systems; fermion systems; fluctuations; Green's function methods; master equation; nonequilibrium thermodynamics; photon counting; transport processes
Fluctuation theorems (FTs), which describe some universal properties of nonequilibrium fluctuations, are examined from a quantum perspective and derived by introducing a two-point measurement on the system. FTs for closed and open systems driven out of equilibrium by an external time-dependent force, and for open systems maintained in a nonequilibrium steady state by nonequilibrium boundary conditions, are derived from a unified approach. Applications to fermion and boson transport in quantum junctions are discussed. Quantum master equations and Green's functions techniques for computing the energy and particle statistics are presented.
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