A review on anaerobic decomposition and enhancement of biogas production through enzymes and microorganisms

The need to develop and improve sustainable energy resources is eminent due to the finite nature of our fossil fuels. Recent modification of laws, development of technologies and business movement has encouraged the transition to a recycling-based society. Today economy and technologies largely depend upon energy resources that are renewable as well as eco-friendly. Biogas is an environment friendly, economic and an alternative means to fossil fuel. The use of biogas is widespread in countries such as India and China. The Indian government's energy policy tries to support renewable energy by providing incentives to central and state government level. Attempts have been made to manipulate the biogas process towards industrial scale by pre and post manipulation. Pre manipulation includes maintenance of temperature, moisture, pH and microorganisms. Whereas post manipulation involves scrubbing in which water vapor, CO2 and H2S has been removed through activated charcoal and water shower. Bacteria and enzymes play crucial role in anaerobic digestion and they are essential for efficient process. Trials have been made by use of bio-enzymatic preparations to enhance the biogas production. This paper reviews the details about decomposition, process of anaerobic decomposition, diverse constraints behind anaerobic technology and different aspects for enhancement of biogas production through enzymes and microorganisms. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.