期刊
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
卷 31, 期 -, 页码 622-638出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.12.007
关键词
Data center; Waste heat recovery; Waste energy reuse; Absorption refrigeration; Organic Rankine cycle; Thermoelectric
资金
- National Science Foundation [IIP-1134810]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Industrial Innovation & Partnersh [1134810] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Industrial Innovation & Partnersh
- Directorate For Engineering [1134867] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The depletion of the world's limited reservoirs of fossil fuels, the worldwide impact of global warming and the high cost of energy are among the primary issues driving a renewed interest in the capture and reuse of waste energy. A major source of waste energy is being created by data centers through the increasing demand for cloud based connectivity and performance. In fact, recent figures show that data centers are responsible for more than 2% of the US total electricity usage. Almost half of this power is used for cooling the electronics, creating a significant stream of waste heat. The difficulty associated with recovering and reusing this stream of waste heat is that the heat is of low quality. In this paper, the most promising methods and technologies for recovering data center low-grade waste heat in an effective and economically reasonable way are identified and discussed. A number of currently available and developmental low-grade waste heat recovery techniques including district/plant/water heating, absorption cooling, direct power generation (piezoelectric and thermoelectric), indirect power generation (steam and organic Rankine cycle), biomass co-location, and desalination/clean water are reviewed along with their operational requirements in order to assess the suitability and effectiveness of each technology for data center applications. Based on a comparison between data centers' operational thermodynamic conditions and the operational requirements of the discussed waste heat recovery techniques, absorption cooling and organic Rankine cycle are found to be among the most promising technologies for data center waste heat reuse. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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