Virtual Monochromatic Reconstruction of Dual-Energy Unenhanced Head CT at 65-75 keV Maximizes Image Quality Compared with Conventional Polychromatic CT

Purpose: To determine the virtual monochromatic imaging (VMI) energy levels that maximize brain parenchymal image quality in dual-energy unenhanced head computed tomography (CT) and to assess the improvement with this technique compared with conventional polychromatic scanning. Materials and Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained with no informed consent required for this HIPAA-compliant retrospective analysis. Twenty-five consecutive unenhanced head CT scans were acquired with a 64-section dual-energy scanner with fast tube voltage switching (80-140 kVp). Scans were retrospectively reconstructed at VMI energy levels from 40 to 140 keV in 5-keV increments and were analyzed by using four quality indexes: gray matter (GM) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), white matter (WM) SNR, GM-WM contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and posterior fossa artifact index (PFAI). Optimal mean values for each parameter were compared with those from 50 consecutive scans obtained with the same scanner in 120-kVp single-energy mode. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and Dunnett post hoc t test were then used to determine significance. Results: Maximal GM SNR, WM SNR, and GM-WM CNR values were observed at 65 keV, and minimal PFAI was observed at 75 keV. These values were significantly better than those of conventional polychromatic CT (P < .01); quality index improvement ratios (corrected for radiation dose) ranged from 17% to 50%. Conclusion: Virtual monochromatic reconstruction of dual-energy unenhanced head CT scans at 65-75 keV (optimal energy levels) maximizes image quality compared with scans obtained with conventional polychromatic CT. (C)RSNA, 2012