CAD (computed-aided detection) and CADx (computer aided diagnosis) systems in identifying and characterising lung nodules on chest CT: overview of research, developments and new prospects

Computer-aided detection (CAD) systems allow the automatic identification of lung nodules on chest computed tomography (CT), providing a second opinion to the radiologist's judgement and a volumetric evaluation of lesions a very important aspect in oncological patients. The natural evolution of these systems has led to the introduction of computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) systems, which are able not only to identify nodules but also to characterise them by determining a likelihood of malignancy or benignity. The aim of this article is to describe the main technical principles of CAD and CADx systems, their applicability and influence in clinical practice and new prospects for their future development.