Investigation of free volume and the interfacial, and toughening behavior for epoxy resin/rubber composites by positron annihilation

An epoxy resin (EP) matrix has been modified with carboxyl-randomized butadiene-acrylonitrile (CRBN) rubber and hydroxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber (HTBN). When the rubber content was low (<= 5%), the free volume size varied slowly, meanwhile, the free volume size of EP/HTBN system was smaller than EP/CRBN system. With further addition of rubber component (>= 7%), the free volume size of the composite increased quickly. In this case, the free volume size of EP/HTBN system was larger than EP/CRBN system. The intermediate positron lifetime component (I-2) was affected by the structure of the interface layer between rubber particles and EP matrix. The different free volume properties could be attributed to the compatibility between rubber and EP. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.