期刊
PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
卷 123, 期 900, 页码 138-170出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1086/658676
关键词
-
资金
- STFC [ST/F501761/1, ST/F002092/1, ST/I001557/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Lundbeck Foundation [R52-2010-4810] Funding Source: researchfish
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/F501761/1, ST/I001557/1, ST/F002092/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [21244021, 23540266] Funding Source: KAKEN
Water In Star-forming regions with Herschel (WISH) is a key program on the Herschel Space Observatory designed to probe the physical and chemical structures of young stellar objects using water and related molecules and to follow the water abundance from collapsing clouds to planet-forming disks. About 80 sources are targeted, covering a wide ranee of luminosities-from low (< 1 L-circle dot) to high (> 10(5) L-circle dot)-and a wide range of evolutionary stages-from cold prestellar cores to warm protostellar envelopes and outflows to disks around young stars. Both the HIFI and PACS instruments are used to observe a variety of lines of H2O, (H2O)-O-18 and chemically related species at the source position and in small maps around the protostars and selected outflow positions. In addition, high-frequency lines of CO, (CO)-C-13, and (CO)-O-18 are obtained with Herschel and are complemented by ground-based observations of dust continuum, HDO, CO and its isotopologs, and other molecules to ensure a self-consistent data set for analysis. An overview of the scientific motivation and observational strategy of the program is given, together with the modeling approach and analysis tools that have been developed. Initial science results are presented. These include a lack of water in cold gas at abundances that are lower than most predictions, strong water emission from shocks in protostellar environments, the importance of UV radiation in heating the gas along outflow walls across the full range of luminosities, and surprisingly widespread detection of the chemically related hydrides OH+ and H2O+ in outflows and foreground gas. Quantitative estimates of the energy budget indicate that H2O is generally not the dominant coolant in the warm dense gas associated with protostars. Very deep limits on the cold gaseous water reservoir in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks are obtained that have profound implications for our understanding of grain growth and mixing in disks.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据