Inadequate calcium intake is highly prevalent in Korean children and adolescents: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007-2010

Objective: The present study aimed to assess the adequacy of Ca intake and major food sources of Ca in Korean children and adolescents. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007-2010. We analysed the daily Ca intake, major food sources of Ca and the prevalence of inadequate Ca intake in the study population. Ca intake was categorized as inadequate when the participant's daily Ca intake was less than the Estimated Average Requirement. Subject: The study population consisted of 7233 children and adolescents (3973 boys, 3260 girls; aged 1-18 years). Results: Mean Ca intake was 510.2 mg/d in boys and 431.7 mg/d in girls. Overall, 75.0% of adolescents (boys 71.6%, girls 79.1%) had inadequate Ca intake. The prevalence of inadequate Ca intake increased significantly from toddlers (45-55%) to adolescents (78-86%) in both genders. The highest ranked food sources for Ca were dairy products (35.0%), followed by vegetables (17.3%), grains (11.3%) and seafood (9.9%). Ca intake from dairy products decreased significantly from 57% in toddlers to 30% in adolescents, while Ca intakes from other foods increased with age. Conclusions: Inadequate Ca intake is highly prevalent and increased with age in Korean children and adolescents. It should be emphasized to encourage children and adolescents to eat more Ca-rich products to meet their Ca needs.