期刊
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
卷 34, 期 7, 页码 953-967出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.02.010
关键词
Salivary cortisol; Stressor paradigms; Human development
资金
- United States National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health [MH08095]
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [HD046377]
- National Institute of Mental Health Predoctoral Fellowship [MH015755]
The stress response system is comprised of an intricate interconnected network that Salivary cortisol; includes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. The HPA axis maintains the Stressor paradigms; organism's capacity to respond to acute and prolonged stressors and is a focus of research on Human development the sequelae of stress. Human studies of the HPA system have been facilitated enormously by the development of salivary assays which measure cortisol, the steroid end-product of the HPA axis. The use of salivary cortisol is prevalent in child development stress research. However, in order to measure children's acute cortisol reactivity to circumscribed stressors, researchers must put children in stressful situations which produce elevated Levels of cortisol. Unfortunately, many studies on the cortisol stress response in children use paradigms that fail to produce mean elevations in cortisol. This paper reviews stressor paradigms used with infants, children, and adolescents to guide researchers in selecting effective stressor tasks. A number of different types of stressor paradigms were examined, including: public speaking, negative emotion, relationship disruption/threatening, novelty, handling, and mild pain paradigms. With development, marked changes are evident in the effectiveness of the same stressor paradigm to provoke elevations in cortisol. Several factors appear to be critical in determining whether a stressor paradigm is successful, including the availability of coping resources and the extent to which, in older children, the task threatens the social self. A consideration of these issues is needed to promote the implementation of more effective stressor paradigms in human developmental psychoendocrine research. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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