期刊
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
卷 41, 期 3, 页码 477-485出版社
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291710000978
关键词
Adolescents; development; hearing impairment; psychosis; social cognition
资金
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01EB9405/6, 01EB 9901/6, EB01016200, 01EB0140, 01EB0440]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [LA1148/1-1, WI2246/1-1, WI 709/7-1, WI 709/8-1]
- Novartis
- Pfizer
- Schering-Plough
- Eli Lilly
- BMS
- Lundbeck
- Organon
- Janssen-Cilag
- GSK
- AstraZeneca
- Servier
Background. It has long been acknowledged that hearing impairment may increase the risk for psychotic experiences. Recent work suggests that young people in particular may be at risk, indicating a possible developmental mechanism. Method. The hypothesis that individuals exposed to hearing impairment in early adolescence would display the highest risk for psychotic symptoms was examined in a prospective cohort study of a population sample of originally 3021 adolescents and young adults aged 14-24 years at baseline, in Munich, Germany (Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study). The expression of psychosis was assessed at multiple time points over a period of up to 10 years, using a diagnostic interview (Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview; CIDI) administered by clinical psychologists. Results. Hearing impairment was associated with CIDI psychotic symptoms [odds ratio (OR) 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-3.81], particularly more severe psychotic symptoms (OR 5.66, 95% CI 1.64-19.49). The association between hearing impairment and CIDI psychotic symptoms was much stronger in the youngest group aged 14-17 years at baseline (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.54-7.01) than in the older group aged 18-24 years at baseline (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.24-2.84). Conclusions. The finding of an age-specific association between hearing impairment and psychotic experiences suggests that disruption of development at a critical adolescent phase, in interaction with other personal and social vulnerabilities, may increase the risk for psychotic symptoms.
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