期刊
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
卷 5, 期 23, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201501335
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资金
- National Science Foundation (CBET) [1510481]
- Department of Energy, Laboratory Directed Research, and Development [DE-AC02-76SF00515]
- Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics [KUS-C1-015-21]
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1510481] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Organic ternary heterojunction photovoltaic blends are sometimes observed to undergo a gradual evolution in open-circuit voltage (V-oc) with increasing amounts of a second donor or an acceptor. The V-oc is strongly correlated with the energy of the charge transfer state in the blend, but this value depends on both local and mesoscopic orders. In this work, the behavior of V-oc in the presence of a wide range of interfacial electronic states is investigated. The key charge transfer state interfaces responsible for V-oc in several model systems with varying morphology are identified. Systems consisting of one donor with two fullerene molecules and of one acceptor with a donor polymer of varying regio-regularity are used. The effects from the changing energetic disorder in the material and from the variation due to a law of simple mixtures are quantified. It has been found that populating the higher-energy charge transfer states is not responsible for the observed change in V-oc upon the addition of a third component. Aggregating polymers and miscible fullerenes are compared, and it has been concluded that in both cases charge delocalization, aggregation, and local polarization effects shift the lowest-energy charge transfer state distribution.
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