The function of microRNAs, small but potent molecules, in human prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is one of the most significant cancers of men all over the world. The microRNAs ( miRNAs) possess crucial functions in pathogenesis of the disease and its gain of androgen independency. The miRNAs are small, approximately 18-24 nucleotides, non-coding, endogenously synthesized RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They are found in viruses, plants, and animal cells. The miRNAs have critical functions in gene expression and their dysregulation may cause tumor formation and progression of several diseases. Here, we have reviewed the most current literature to elucidate the function of miRNAs in human prostate cancer. We believe that this will help investigators not only working in prostate cancer, but also studying the miRNAs in other diseases to delineate the functions of miRNAs implicated in human prostate cancer development and progression. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (2010) 13, 208-217; doi:10.1038/pcan.2010.21; published online 29 June 2010