期刊
ACS CATALYSIS
卷 5, 期 12, 页码 7244-7253出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01563
关键词
graphitic carbon; heteroatom doping; oxygen reduction reaction; fuel cell; metal-air battery
资金
- NSF [CMMI-1400274, CMMI-1266295, AIR-IIP-1343270, DMR 1106160]
- DOD-AFOSR-MURI [FA9550-12-1-0037]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Industrial Innovation & Partnersh [1343270] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1106160] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn
- Directorate For Engineering [1266319, 1266295] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) plays an important role in renewable energy technologies, such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Along with the extensive research and development of nonprecious metal catalysts (NPMCs) to reduce/replace Pt for electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen, a new class of heteroatom-doped metal-free carbon catalysts has been recently developed, which, as alternative ORR catalysts, could dramatically reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of fuel cells and metal air batteries. The improved catalytic performance of heteroatom-doped carbon ORR catalysts has been attributed to the doping-induced charge redistribution around the heteroatom dopants, which lowered the ORR potential and changed the O-2 chemisorption mode to effectively weaken the O-O bonding, facilitating ORR at the heteroatom-doped carbon electrodes. Subsequently, this new metal-free ORR mechanism was confirmed by numerous studies, and the same principle has been applied to the development of various other efficient catalysts for not only ORR in fuel cells but also oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in metal air batteries and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water-splitting systems. However, there are still some concerns about possible contributions of metal impurities to the ORR activities of these carbon catalysts. To avoid unnecessary confusion, therefore, it is important to clarify the situation. In this Perspective, we provide important aspects of the metal-free ORR catalysts with a critical analysis of the literature, along with perspectives and challenges of this rapidly growing field of practical significance.
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