期刊
PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH
卷 43, 期 -, 页码 17-75出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.07.001
关键词
Retinal remodeling; Neurodegeneration; Glial cells; Retinal therapy; Neuroprotection; Retinal diseases
资金
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness-FEDER [BFU2012-36845]
- Plan Nacional de I+D+I
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Subdireccion General de Redes y Centros de Investigacion Cooperativa [RETICS RD07/0062/0008-0012, RETICS RD12/0034/0006-0010, PS0901854, PI13/01124]
- ONCE
- FUNDALUCE
Retinal neurodegenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa each have a different etiology and pathogenesis. However, at the cellular and molecular level, the response to retinal injury is similar in all of them, and results in morphological and functional impairment of retinal cells. This retinal degeneration may be triggered by gene defects, increased intraocular pressure, high levels of blood glucose, other types of stress or aging, but they all frequently induce a set of cell signals that lead to well-established and similar morphological and functional changes, including controlled cell death and retinal remodeling. Interestingly, an inflammatory response, oxidative stress and activation of apoptotic pathways are common features in all these diseases. Furthermore, it is important to note the relevant role of glial cells, including astrocytes, Muller cells and microglia, because their response to injury is decisive for maintaining the health of the retina or its degeneration. Several therapeutic approaches have been developed to preserve retinal function or restore eyesight in pathological conditions. In this context, neuroprotective compounds, gene therapy, cell transplantation or artificial devices should be applied at the appropriate stage of retinal degeneration to obtain successful results. This review provides an overview of the common and distinctive features of retinal neurodegenerative diseases, including the molecular, anatomical and functional changes caused by the cellular response to damage, in order to establish appropriate treatments for these pathologies. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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