期刊
PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
卷 66, 期 4, 页码 782-833出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2011.07.003
关键词
Two-photon exchange; Radiative corrections; Form factors
资金
- NSERC (Canada)
- US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC05-06OR23177]
- Jefferson Science Associates, LLC
We review the role of two-photon exchange (TPE) in electron-hadron scattering, focusing in particular on hadronic frameworks suitable for describing the low and moderate Q(2) region relevant to most experimental studies. We discuss the effects of TPE on the extraction of nucleon form factors and their role in the resolution of the proton electric to magnetic form factor ratio puzzle. The implications of TPE on various other observables, including neutron form factors, electroproduction of resonances and pions, and nuclear form factors, are summarized. Measurements seeking to directly identify TPE effects, such as through the angular dependence of polarization observables, nonlinear epsilon contributions to the cross sections, and via e(+)p to e(-)p cross section ratios, are also outlined. In the weak sector, we describe the role of TPE and gamma Z interference in parity-violating electron scattering, and assess their impact on the extraction of the strange form factors of the nucleon and the weak charge of the proton. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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