期刊
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
卷 116, 期 -, 页码 33-57出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.01.002
关键词
Astrocytes; Brain; Copper; Neurodegeneration; Transport
资金
- European Social Fund
- State Budget of the Czech Republic [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0061]
- Deakin University
- Thinkers in Residence Program
Copper is an important trace element that is required for essential enzymes. However, due to its redox activity, copper can also lead to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Therefore, cellular uptake, storage as well as export of copper have to be tightly regulated in order to guarantee sufficient copper supply for the synthesis of copper-containing enzymes but also to prevent copper-induced oxidative stress. In brain, copper is of importance for normal development. In addition, both copper deficiency as well as excess of copper can seriously affect brain functions. Therefore, this organ possesses ample mechanisms to regulate its copper metabolism. In brain, astrocytes are considered as important regulators of copper homeostasis. Impairments of homeostatic mechanisms in brain copper metabolism have been associated with neurodegeneration in human disorders such as Menkes disease, Wilson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. This review article will summarize the biological functions of copper in the brain and will describe the current knowledge on the mechanisms involved in copper transport, storage and export of brain cells. The role of copper in diseases that have been connected with disturbances in brain copper homeostasis will also be discussed. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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