Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity processing of Sargassum muticum

An aqueous based extraction process was developed to obtain soluble fractions from Sargassum muticum. Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) and subsequent rehydration and extraction stages (MHG-W) in an open system, hot pressurized water extraction or autohydrolysis (A) and enzyme aided extraction (E) were selected on the basis of their simplicity and the possibility of using water as solvent. The performance of these combined technologies using biorenewable solvents to extract antioxidants was compared. A preliminary selection of MHG extraction conditions suggested that 600W was the optimal irradiation power. A multistage process based on an initial solvent free MHG stage followed by a sequence of water extraction stages (MHG-W) proved suited to selectively obtain phenolic compounds in shorter times than conventional processes. The yield of total solubles was lower than with conventional solvent extraction, but the phenolic content of the extracts and their ABTS radical scavenging properties were enhanced. The microscopic observations of extracted tissues confirmed the impact of the microwave and hot pressurized water processes on the algal cell wall integrity. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.