期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
卷 278, 期 1703, 页码 170-178出版社
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1241
关键词
negotiation; within-group conflict; reproductive skew; mutualism; biparental care; cooperative breeding
资金
- Royal Society University
- Natural Environment Research Council
- NERC [NE/G019657/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/G019657/1] Funding Source: researchfish
In human societies, social behaviour is strongly influenced by threats of punishment, even though the threats themselves rarely need to be exercised. Recent experimental evidence suggests that similar hidden threats can promote cooperation and limit within-group selfishness in some animal systems. In other animals, however, threats appear to be ineffective. Here I review theoretical and empirical studies that help to understand the evolutionary causes of these contrasting patterns, and identify three factors-impact, accuracy and perception-that together determine the effectiveness of threats to induce cooperation.
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