期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 111, 期 28, 页码 10227-10232出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1403319111
关键词
microbial biogeography; marine bacteria; metabolic potential
资金
- National Geographic Society
- Moore Family Foundation
- Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory of the Coral Reef Conservation Program [a program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]
- National Science Foundation Awards [OCE-0927415, DEB-1046413, OCE-0927411, OCE-0417412]
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Integrated Microbial Biodiversity Program Fellowship [141679]
- Directorate For Geosciences [1236905] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Computer and Network Systems
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [1305112] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1046413] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Ocean Sciences [1236905] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Undergraduate Education
- Direct For Education and Human Resources [1323809] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Holobionts are species-specific associations between macro-and microorganisms. On coral reefs, the benthic coverage of coral and algal holobionts varies due to natural and anthropogenic forcings. Different benthic macroorganisms are predicted to have specific microbiomes. In contrast, local environmental factors are predicted to select for specific metabolic pathways in microbes. To reconcile these two predictions, we hypothesized that adaptation of microbiomes to local conditions is facilitated by the horizontal transfer of genes responsible for specific metabolic capabilities. To test this hypothesis, microbial metagenomes were sequenced from 22 coral reefs at 11 Line Islands in the central Pacific that together span a wide range of biogeochemical and anthropogenic influences. Consistent with our hypothesis, the percent cover of major benthic functional groups significantly correlated with particular microbial taxa. Reefs with higher coral cover had a coral microbiome with higher abundances of Alphaproteobacteria (such as Rhodobacterales and Sphingomonadales), whereas microbiomes of algae-dominated reefs had higher abundances of Gammaproteobacteria (such as Alteromonadales, Pseudomonadales, and Vibrionales), Betaproteobacteria, and Bacteriodetes. In contrast to taxa, geography was the strongest predictor of microbial community metabolism. Microbial communities on reefs with higher nutrient availability (e. g., equatorial upwelling zones) were enriched in genes involved in nutrient-related metabolisms (e. g., nitrate and nitrite ammonification, Ton/Tol transport, etc.). On reefs further from the equator, microbes had more genes encoding chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosystems I/II. These results support the hypothesis that core microbiomes are determined by holobiont macroorganisms, and that those core taxa adapt to local conditions by selecting for advantageous metabolic genes.
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