期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 111, 期 48, 页码 17071-17074出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419408111
关键词
reciprocity; altruism; social development; morality
资金
- Beinecke Scholarship
- Greater Good Science Center
- Templeton Foundation
- Bing Nursery School
- Thomas Murphy Fellowship
- Center for Childhood Creativity
- Bay Area Discovery Museum
- Diversifying Academia, Recruiting Excellence (DARE) Fellowship at Stanford University
A very simple reciprocal activity elicited high degrees of altruism in 1- and 2-y-old children, whereas friendly but nonreciprocal activity yielded little subsequent altruism. In a second study, reciprocity with one adult led 1- and 2-y-olds to provide help to a new person. These results question the current dominant claim that social experiences cannot account for early occurring altruistic behavior. A third study, with preschool-age children, showed that subtle reciprocal cues remain potent elicitors of altruism, whereas a fourth study with preschoolers showed that even a brief reciprocal experience fostered children's expectation of altruism from others. Collectively, the studies suggest that simple reciprocal interactions are a potent trigger of altruism for young children, and that these interactions lead children to believe that their relationships are characterized by mutual care and commitment.
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