期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 112, 期 1, 页码 49-53出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1413468112
关键词
granular; self-organization; limit cycles; friction
资金
- Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) program of the National Science Foundation [DMR-0820341, DMR-1420073]
- National Science Foundation Grant [DMR-1105417]
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1105417] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The disordered static structure and chaotic dynamics of frictional granular matter has occupied scientists for centuries, yet there are few organizational principles or guiding rules for this highly hysteretic, dissipative material. We show that cyclic shear of a granular material leads to dynamic self-organization into several phases with different spatial and temporal order. Using numerical simulations, we present a phase diagram in strain-friction space that shows chaotic dispersion, crystal formation, vortex patterns, and most unusually a disordered phase in which each particle precisely retraces its unique path. However, the system is not reversible. Rather, the trajectory of each particle, and the entire frictional, many-degrees-of-freedom system, organizes itself into a limit cycle absorbing state. Of particular note is that fact that the cyclic states are spatially disordered, whereas the ordered states are chaotic.
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