期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 110, 期 29, 页码 11763-11767出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1306993110
关键词
driven-dissipative phase transitions; critical behavior; Dicke model; quantum gas; cavity QED
资金
- European Research Council advanced grant Synthetic Quantum Many-Body Systems
- European Union, Future and Emerging Technologies (FET-Open) grant Nanodesigning of Atomic and Molecular Quantum Matter
- National Centre of Competence in Research/Quantum Science and Technology
- European Science Foundation program Common Perspectives for Cold Atoms, Semiconductor Polaritons and Nanoscience
We experimentally study the influence of dissipation on the driven Dicke quantum phase transition, realized by coupling external degrees of freedom of a Bose-Einstein condensate to the light field of a high-finesse optical cavity. The cavity provides a natural dissipation channel, which gives rise to vacuum-induced fluctuations and allows us to observe density fluctuations of the gas in real-time. We monitor the divergence of these fluctuations over two orders of magnitude while approaching the phase transition, and observe a behavior that deviates significantly from that expected for a closed system. A correlation analysis of the fluctuations reveals the diverging time scale of the atomic dynamics and allows us to extract a damping rate for the external degree of freedom of the atoms. We find good agreement with our theoretical model including dissipation via both the cavity field and the atomic field. Using a dissipation channel to nondestructively gain information about a quantum many-body system provides a unique path to study the physics of driven-dissipative systems.
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