期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 110, 期 51, 页码 20645-20650出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314475110
关键词
comparative genomics; transposable elements; systems biology; transcriptomics; physiological remodeling
资金
- University of Texas
- University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Roche-454 Proof of Concept grants
- National Science Foundation [IOS 0922528, IOS 0466139]
- National Institutes of Health [R01GM083127, R01GM097251]
- NERC [NE/J018678/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [0922528] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0841821] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office Of The Director
- EPSCoR [0903787] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/J018678/1] Funding Source: researchfish
Snakes possess many extreme morphological and physiological adaptations. Identification of the molecular basis of these traits can provide novel understanding for vertebrate biology and medicine. Here, we study snake biology using the genome sequence of the Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus), a model of extreme physiological and metabolic adaptation. We compare the python and king cobra genomes along with genomic samples from other snakes and perform transcriptome analysis to gain insights into the extreme phenotypes of the python. We discovered rapid and massive transcriptional responses in multiple organ systems that occur on feeding and coordinate major changes in organ size and function. Intriguingly, the homologs of these genes in humans are associated with metabolism, development, and pathology. We also found that many snake metabolic genes have undergone positive selection, which together with the rapid evolution of mitochondrial proteins, provides evidence for extensive adaptive redesign of snake metabolic pathways. Additional evidence for molecular adaptation and gene family expansions and contractions is associated with major physiological and phenotypic adaptations in snakes; genes involved are related to cell cycle, development, lungs, eyes, heart, intestine, and skeletal structure, including GRB2-associated binding protein 1, SSH, WNT16, and bone morphogenetic protein 7. Finally, changes in repetitive DNA content, guanine-cytosine isochore structure, and nucleotide substitution rates indicate major shifts in the structure and evolution of snake genomes compared with other amniotes. Phenotypic and physiological novelty in snakes seems to be driven by system-wide coordination of protein adaptation, gene expression, and changes in the structure of the genome.
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