期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 110, 期 36, 页码 14528-14533出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1308199110
关键词
symbiosis; GacA-GacS two-component system; differential metabolomics
资金
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- Feodor Lynen Postdoctoral Fellowship
- National Institutes of Health [GM086258]
- National Science Foundation [DEB1204352, DEB1201671]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1201671, 1204352] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [1256416] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1146375] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Stable multipartite mutualistic associations require that all partners benefit. We show that a single mutational step is sufficient to turn a symbiotic bacterium from an inedible but host-beneficial secondary metabolite producer into a host food source. The bacteria's host is a farmer clone of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum that carries and disperses bacteria during its spore stage. Associated with the farmer are two strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, only one of which serves as a food source. The other strain produces diffusible small molecules: pyrrolnitrin, a known antifungal agent, and a chromene that potently enhances the farmer's spore production and depresses a nonfarmer's spore production. Genome sequence and phylogenetic analyses identify a derived point mutation in the food strain that generates a premature stop codon in a global activator (gacA), encoding the response regulator of a two-component regulatory system. Generation of a knockout mutant of this regulatory gene in the nonfood bacterial strain altered its secondary metabolite profile to match that of the food strain, and also, independently, converted it into a food source. These results suggest that a single mutation in an inedible ancestral strain that served a protective role converted it to a domesticated food source.
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