期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 109, 期 42, 页码 17028-17033出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1212247109
关键词
bibliometric analysis; biomedical publishing; ethics; research misconduct
A detailed review of all 2,047 biomedical and life-science research articles indexed by PubMed as retracted on May 3, 2012 revealed that only 21.3% of retractions were attributable to error. In contrast, 67.4% of retractions were attributable to misconduct, including fraud or suspected fraud (43.4%), duplicate publication (14.2%), and plagiarism (9.8%). Incomplete, uninformative or misleading retraction announcements have led to a previous underestimation of the role of fraud in the ongoing retraction epidemic. The percentage of scientific articles retracted because of fraud has increased similar to 10-fold since 1975. Retractions exhibit distinctive temporal and geographic patterns that may reveal underlying causes.
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