期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 109, 期 23, 页码 8812-8819出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1114773109
关键词
natural capital; scenic beauty; cultural landscapes; tourism; spiritual value
资金
- US National Science Foundation
- Austrian Ministry of Science and Research
- Austrian Academy of Sciences
- International Council of Science (ICSU)
- Research Platform Eisenwurzen within the International Long-Term Ecological Research Network
- Office Of The Director
- Office Of Internatl Science &Engineering [0924231] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Cultural ecosystem services (ES) are consistently recognized but not yet adequately defined or integrated within the ES framework. A substantial body of models, methods, and data relevant to cultural services has been developed within the social and behavioral sciences before and outside of the ES approach. A selective review of work in landscape aesthetics, cultural heritage, outdoor recreation, and spiritual significance demonstrates opportunities for operationally defining cultural services in terms of socioecological models, consistent with the larger set of ES. Such models explicitly link ecological structures and functions with cultural values and benefits, facilitating communication between scientists and stakeholders and enabling economic, multicriterion, deliberative evaluation and other methods that can clarify tradeoffs and synergies involving cultural ES. Based on this approach, a common representation is offered that frames cultural services, along with all ES, by the relative contribution of relevant ecological structures and functions and by applicable social evaluation approaches. This perspective provides a foundation for merging ecological and social science epistemologies to define and integrate cultural services better within the broader ES framework.
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